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Disease Profile
HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
Unknown
Age of onset
Adult
ICD-10
G04.1
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
HAM/TSP; Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis; Tropical spastic paraparesis (formerly)
Categories
Nervous System Diseases
Summary
HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a progressive disease of the nervous system that affects less than 2% of people with HTLV-1 infection. Signs and symptoms vary but may include slowly progressive weakness and
Symptoms
- Slowly progressive weakness and
spasticity of one or both legs - Exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia)
- Stiff muscles
- Muscle contractions in the ankle (ankle clonus)
- Lower back pain
- A 'weak' bladder and/or urinary incontinence
- Minor sensory changes, especially burning or prickling sensations and loss of vibration sense
Treatment
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Where to Start
- The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library provides information on this condition for patients and caregivers.
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) collects and disseminates research information related to neurological disorders. Click on the link to view information on this topic.
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.
In-Depth Information
- Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
- The Merck Manual for health care professionals provides information on HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
Selected Full-Text Journal Articles
- Oh U, Jacobson S. Treatment of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: toward rational targeted therapy. Neurol Clin. 2008 Aug;26(3):781-97, ix-x.
References
- Scadden DT, Freedman AR, Robertson P. Human T-lymphotropic virus type I: Disease associations, diagnosis, and treatment. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; February 16, 2016; https://www.uptodate.com/contents/human-t-lymphotropic-virus-type-i-disease-associations-diagnosis-and-treatment.
- Sandbrink F. Tropical Myeloneuropathies Treatment & Management. Medscape Reference. January, 2015; https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1166055-treatment.
- Tropical Spastic Paraparesis Information Page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Tropical-Spastic-Paraparesis-Information-Page. Accessed 7/12/2017.
- Rubin M. Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM). Merck Manual. October, 2016; https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/spinal-cord-disorders/tropical-spastic-paraparesis-htlv-1%E2%80%93associated-myelopathy-tsp-ham.
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